Differences between places try taken into account by the repaired consequences ?
This new brother repaired consequences establish 65% of adaptation in training within this attempt
gt which capture the differences between groups g at time-wave t. We specify two main groups – provinces and villages. The individuals in our sample span 20 provinces and over 1600 villages. Footnote 9 Including these fixed effects in the estimation controls for unobserved differences between, say, villages that influence the outcome variables. For example, access to formal employment may be lower in some villages than others. If more people who were married early live in such villages, then not controlling for which village the respondents live in will confound the effect of early marriage and the probability of having a formal job. We also interact those groups with the time the survey was conducted to account for differential time trends across provinces or villages. By using village fixed effects we are comparing individuals who marry early with those who do not but who live in the same village, and therefore are exposed to similar conditions, like traditions, culture and institutional settings. As people within a village are exposed to more similar conditions than people within a province, village fixed effects are likely to control more effectively for differences across individuals than province fixed effects. The inclusion of village fixed effects however comes at the cost of statistical power (as the coefficients are estimated off the more limited within-village variation).
Inside our try discover 676 siblings, from exactly who 302 was basically ple (as they are from children where at least one girl try hitched very early) has fathers which have notably lower instructional attainment, are more inclined to be Muslim, consequently they are expected to Mongolian naishenkilöitä inhabit rural components
If we explore this new the total amount to which state and you can town fixed consequences get variations in societal and monetary drawback by the exploring the power to describe type inside the educational attainment, we discover your town repaired outcomes determine more 31% of version, a bit more compared to the step 3% said of the state repaired consequences. Almost all of the type is not within this villages.
I basic establish estimations you to control getting state*time-revolution FE following town*time-trend FE. I then wade one step then because of the to provide efficiency where we estimate sis repaired outcomes patterns where coefficients are projected away from comparisons regarding siblings, certainly one of who had hitched very early plus the other just who performed maybe not. Which investigations regulation for everybody family members characteristics, both observable and you may unobservable, educated by sisters elizabeth.grams., friends history. It yet not reduces the try. These answers are hence best-read as actually applicable to help you home of far more conventional minimizing socio-monetary property. Footnote ten
Finally, ?ihvt is an error term. We cluster the standard errors at the village ? time-wave level to account for correlation in the errors between individuals in the same village at a given time. For the sister fixed effects estimation we cluster the standard errors at the sister ? time-wave level. We estimate Eq. 1 separately for men and women. Footnote 11
where ChYihvt are the child outcomes (medically supervised birth, having a birth certificate, infant mortality, anthropometric z-scores, underweight and stunting for children under the age of 5, cognitive development tests for those aged 7 to 14, educational attainment for those aged over 18). As in Eq. 1, we control for contemporaneous mother and household characteristics (Xihvt), characteristics of the household in which the mother lived when she was 12 years old (MotherHChhv) and children’s own characteristics such as gender and age (Chihvt). We use an identical fixed effects strategy as in Eq. (1) and present province ? time-wave, village ? time-wave and, where possible, sisters ? time-wave fixed effects results.